FOKU

The second FOKU is dedicated to Idoia Zabaleta. Looking back over her long career has meant reviewing not only her work, but also her training period, her work as a performer for other authors and companies, and her decades-long experience in the transmission of knowledge. It has also involved studying the history of the space she founded and has been running for more than 15 years, Azala, located in Lasierra, Araba. Azala’s activities are closely related to the drive behind Idoia’s practice and they inhabit the core of her creative method. Our intention has been to map the existing relationships between the different dimensions of her practice, following the intuition that there is something very special to learn there, a radical horizontality, a finely articulated intelligence that is worth harvesting for the use of all. It also stems from the conviction we both have about the importance of Idoia’s work in understanding some of the most relevant qualitative transformations in the Basque visual arts scene over the last 15 years. A heritage of influences woven with care as a substratum, and perhaps for that very reason, a heritage more invisible than others, less perceived as work and therefore less perceived as a sensibility at the service of art and its myths.

Cataloguing work involves creating categories, more or less instrumentally, that allow the newcomer to navigate large amounts of information without the need to delve into every piece of it, as we have done; tidying the wardrobe. The process requires a meticulous approach to each detail in order to assess its condition, distribute it and place it on the chosen support in such a way that an image, a diagram, a sinuous contour can be glimpsed in a single stroke of the eye. To take it all out and bring it to the front, to create a chaos that fills a lot of space and then to make room, to carve out paths that allow us to traverse what is essentially magmatic. Isabel de Naverán and Andrea Rodrigo joined us a year ago in this first exercise, which resulted in the material organisation of Idoia’s work shown here, whose foreground is arranged in three main divisions: Fissures, Mantras and Massages. The exercise is completed with an extensive, reasoned bibliography of almost 300 entries displayed in the background, whose air roots make their way through the layers towards the surface of the site. This primary two-layered organisation (bibliography and work) is a legacy of the first FOKU that we dedicated to Iñaki Garmendia, and in order to accommodate the materials compiled during the research into Idoia’s work, we have decided to slightly twist the original functionalities of FOKU.info’s exoskeleton. Idoia’s solos, grouped in three series, occupy the front page of FOKU and we have moved other works to the back, along with collaborations, programmes, curatorships, and the rest of her bibliographic data.

We made the decision after long conversations with Idoia about her work and we discovered that it is in these solos that Idoia works with a great singularity. Looking back over the notes from those days, I find the word remainder. The fissures, mantras and massages articulate what we could call the remainder, the leftover, that which cannot be shared during collective processes; that which is out of place, doesn’t fit, falls out or resists being thought. That which drifts, emerges and is frustrated in group work. As I go back to the notes, I realise that in order to develop this idea, I have to go back to Derrida, but what I do instead is to go through Horacio Potel, a strange drift that actually leads me to more than just the word I think I am looking for. I obtained access to Derrida’s texts thanks to him, although I didn’t know it at the time. Horacio transcribed and uploaded his texts online years ago, in the early days of the internet for all, creating a website about the author under the concise name of Derrida in Spanish. A little digging makes me realise that perhaps this idea of a remainder came not from Horacio, but from his tutor at the philosophy faculty, Monica B. Gragnolini. She published a book with the words “Derrida” and “remainder” in the title. I also discover that Horacio took up philosophy as an adult, after studying architecture. I stop for a moment to think about Horacio, I imagine him typing Derrida’s texts into his computer to make them accessible to Spanish-speaking readers, not in just any way, but though experiencing the texts by transcribing them himself. Benjamin was able to appreciate the love that moves copyists. Transcribing is an act of submission, and copying the texts of others had a religious quality for Benjamin, for in copying you put your body into it, and reading in this way opens up certain otherwise unfathomable depths. For me, Idoia is all of this, copying by hand, love, submission, making accessible by crossing otherness with one’s own body; this is how her method is described. That explains Azala, the dance classes of the EHU where many artists had their first contact with body work, p.i.c.a., the singular way in which she trained in New Dance and all her capacity to articulate with machines, to create them, to feed them with undoubted skill, tenacity and talent. What we have put in the foreground in this FOKU is, however, the remainder. That which Horace, the great copyist, the lover of the thicknesses described as the unassimilable, what Melanie Safka called Leftover Wine: Idoia Zabaleta’s indecipherable, obtuse, hostile and indomitable leftover.

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Massages

2017 - 2023

Mantras

2016 - 2021

Fissures

2007 - 2016

Credits

FOKU.2 Idoia Zabaleta
20.05.2023 – 08.07.2023

Scanner Massage
Atoi. Iparragirre 66 L3D, 48012 Bilbao.

Activity developed with the support of the Ministry of Culture and Sport

Videos, images and audios: Idoia Zabaleta

Basque translations: Hitzek (Irene Hurtado)

English Translations: Ainara Elgoibar

Critical texts: Usue Arrieta

Bibliography: Ainara Elgoibar

Research collaborators: Isabel de Naverán, Andrea Rodrigo

Foku database feed: Rurru Mipanochia

Photo technical assistance: Mikel Eskauriaza

Web programming assistance: Luca Rullo

Bibliographic documentation: Azala, Macba, Ivam, Consonni, Isabel de Naverán, Arte-a, La Fundición, Bilbao Arte, Artium, BAD, Guggenheim Bilbao, Bulegoa z/b, Makusi Archivo Tabakalera, Artxibo Arteleku, Feministaldia, Azkuna Zentroa, Festival Internacional de Cine Punto de Vista.

We would like to acknowledge all the authors of the resources included in this web with whom we have not been able to contact. If you recognise your work and authorship, please contact info@foku.info.

Production design: Ainara Elgoibar and Usue Arrieta Otaola
Structure fabrication and installation: Adrián Castañeda
Structure design assistance: Carlos García
Materials: Hierros Etxebarria, Plásticos Zabálburu
Screws and bolts: Consumisa | Oxicorte: Hierros La Vega
Bluing: Pavonados Asúa
Audio recordings: Ibon Aguirre at Audiogela
Electronics: Radio Rhin
Fabric printing: Waixo
Sewing: Begoña Carro
Telecine: Sebastjan Henrickson at Niagara Custom Labs
16mm looper and technical assistance: Bruno Delgado
Automation: Adrian Laurel
Audio system assistance: Tunipanea
Motion graphics assistance: Manu Arregi
Special thanks to: Juan González, Leticia Morales

This first FOKU is dedicated to Iñaki Garmendia, whose video work has been referential for many of us. On February 25th 2020, we met with Iñaki and offered him to make do an exhibition in Atoi, which we are finally opening: Ratatatat. This collaboration has granted us a deep knowledge of Iñaki’s work, and we have discovered that its driving force is fragility, be it structural, discursive or emotional. His processes often start from derivatives, versions of cultural objects to which he remains secretly linked and over which he works from a logic of attrition. All this is most clearly revealed in his video production of the last 20 years. We believe it is important to make such a body of work available to the public, and therefore, it will be displayed as long as the exhibition is open.

Kanala (1999). Chalet uno y dos

1999

Single-channel video, with sound, colour
20’20’’
DV PAL (720X540)

A group of young people step out of a white car with a Madrid license plate. They put their raincoats’ hoods up, it looks like it might rain. The scene changes immediately, taking us straight to the garden of a private home. The group goes over some notes written on a sheet of paper; Basque and Spanish mix up in an unplanned way. English has crept into the credits at the beginning of the video:

US vs THEM
Trying to get in: Chalet 1 & 2

1999 a video by Iñaki Garmendia

The camera makes itself evident with fast zoom-ins on the group, who try to enter Chalet 1 through the gate and windows. They look into the camera and ask “Do you have a pen?”, to which Iñaki replies: “No!”. The crumbling property is not displayed in its entirety. The camera, from a distance, frames all possible points of access. A platform rising on one side defines the entrance area, where they stay for most of the time. A number of elements structure the framing: dark green shutters on white, undecorated walls. A part for the whole a house in the rationalist strand of the “neo-Basque” style, a pastiche projected from the early 30s as an archetype of the bourgeoisie. The garden is unkempt, but the house is tightly locked. US vs THEM. US in the scene, THEM out of it. Time draws on in the entrance to the house in the late 90s, at the threshold between US and THEM. At this, a double portrait, subject and object are part of the representation in equal measure. They sit, smoke, talk, forget why they are there. Basque and Spanish become a murmur and blend into the location’s sound. The image blurs when the voice behind the camera interrupts them again. They have to keep trying to break in. It starts to rain again, and they leave.

The group steps out of the car again. Now they enter another empty house. They soon access the interior, through the first floor balconies and windows. Once again, only the parts: a brick façade with curved angles, large windows, some of them of whimsical circular forms, dark wood —iroko or tali—, mark the style’s evolution through time. Another variant of the Basque repertoire, resembling organic architecture from the mid-twentieth century. The group navigates the property, penetrating its nooks and crannies. The scene, a static shot, flows like a composition between the decisions and interests of each individual. House number 2 could have been built in the late 60s or early 70s. It is now abandoned, but in perfect condition. Perhaps THEY fled somewhere safer. Once inside, in one of the rooms, the group goes through the notes together. Iñaki’s presence in the image clearly shows that the action concerns a planned structure, but even then, we are not capable of delimiting it clearly. They walk in circles, naturally, as if they moved through the space on a skateboard in slow motion. They run across the room, the sound is deafening. THEY cannot hear them.

Taja y sus amigos

1999 - 2001

Single-channel video, with sound, colour
11’39’’
DV PAL (720 x 576)

A “technical image”, as Vilém Flusser called it, is initiated at the meeting point between the lens, the eye, and the scene captured. The High 8 video camera used in Taja y sus amigos had no viewfinder, which made it necessary to connect it to a monitor in order to access the footage. This domestic procedure also made the editing of the recording possible with the help of a VHS player. This is how the editing was carried out—pressing rec and pause in order to connect the different takes.

This video was finished in 2001, but the shooting was completed two years prior. I remember this when seeing some of the t-shirts, the battered dreadlocks sported by one of them —which he would soon cut off—, the thin frame of somebody else’s glasses. I remember the rehearsal room by the train tracks too, a summer afternoon, even though none of these elements were planned. They just happened, and happened to be there.

The scenes are built along the way, following a set of undefined rules. A group of young people step out of the frame and back into it as indicated. Together they develop a confusing composition, an ambiguous still life made of plastic, drinks, aluminium foil, duct tape and plasticine. The arrangement invites us to see it as a blurry form between paint and sculpture, onto which we can project a certain voyeuristic pleasure. Taja y sus amigos unfolds as a still life on a vacant lot by the train tracks and the road. In the beginning, the logic of arranging the elements in close up, typical of the aforementioned pictorial medium, is denied to some extent, as the resulting image is captured from a cautious distance, generating a feeling of alienation. As the video continues, the camera zooms in and a new arrangement of the frame offers a more detailed image. The light bathing the objects also reinforces the idea of pictorial composition. However, the camera’s distance remains contained at all times, despite progressively drawing closer, which prevents us from accepting the conformity of its nature. This might be caused by the composition refusing to be neither painting nor sculpture, merchandise nor footage/weapon. It merely offers itself as an ambiguous image facing the battleground of the TV medium.

A version with a rough transfer of the raw material was screened at the Festival Audiovisual de Vitoria-Gasteiz in 2000. Part of this screening involved broadcasting it at different times on TV. Later on, the final cut was exhibited on a monitor on a large, high stand in the installation Kolpez/Kolpe at the 2002 Taipei Biennial.

Goierri Konpeti

2002

In collaboration with Asier Mendizabal
Single-channel video, with sound, colour
53’35’’
DV PAL (720 x 576)

The work An Artist Who Cannot Speak English Is Not An Artist by Croatian artist Mladen Stilinović —produced in 1992, only a couple of years after the fall of the Berlin wall— helps to situate the difficulty that carrying out a retrospective on the early 90s in the international art context implies. This was a transitional period, as described by the —also Croatian— curator collective WHW as “the narrow-minded local interests clash with the implacable and ever-present logic of capital and globalisation”. Stilinović’s precept, sewn on a pink piece of fabric in the form of a banner, questions the hegemony of English in the capitalist Western art world, hungry for great narratives and reluctant to devote its efforts to listening to specific types of storytelling from the periphery. In the early 2000s, the transition initiated during the 90s brought forth a new process of normalisation in contexts such as Croatia and other ex-Yugoslavian territories. This transformation comes at the same time —as pointed out also by WHW— as “the promise to progress towards the normalcy of late-capitalist Western societies, considered as welfare states in which human rights would be fully respected”.

The protagonists in Goierri Konpeti, a group of young men, build their collective identity in the periphery by customising their cars, celebrating rallies and spending endless days driving at full speed. They communicate randomly alternating Basque and Spanish, drifting along whatever the situation asks for or carrying on in the language in which the first sentence of a conversation is spoken, which unconsciously establishes one language as dominant. The film’s subtitles translate this linguistic negotiation into a uniform English, never indicating the power play underlying the cultural cohabitation of the two languages. The video shows therefore its original attempt: to act as a visual artefact within the contemporary art sphere that may help introduce a highly codified peripheral reality. The simplification carried out for the benefit of English speakers reinforces Stilinović’s thesis suggesting that a worldwide exchange of the contemporary must happen in English. However, some peripheral narratives were more easily assimilated than others during this period. The fact that they were mediated by a perfect translation into English was not enough.

The authors of this work, Iñaki Garmendia and Asier Mendizabal, had obvious motives to be interested in making a documentary about a group of young men from Goierri, being the home region of both artists. This is an area that, in a way, was also immersed in its own normalisation processes at the time of the filming, marked —among other determinant aspects— by ETA’s ceasefire in 1998 and its interruption fourteen months later, in December 1999. The film, however, barely mentions these intentions, which hide behind a “methodology of the minimum possible distance”, as indicated by Miren Jaio in her review of the film En compañía de hombres (1993), published in Mugalari, the cultural supplement of the newspaper GARA.

The “embedded” camera crosses the valley in Arkaitz’s car, becoming invisible as everybody shares drinks, cigarettes and dinner; it captures the work of assembling and disassembling the pieces in the ground floor garage they rent in a baserri, filming the aimless comings and goings without cuts. However, as Miren Jaio points out in her text, it turns out that distance zero is not possible in this context. It becomes clear as we see the artists holding the little pet that accompanies the group at all times, designing the paintwork and patterns on one of the cars, and sharing unforeseen experiences in the desire to challenge the line demarcating the road across the well-known landscape.

Kolpez/Kolpe

2003

Single-channel video, with sound, colour
24’ 29’’
DV PAL (720 x 576)

November 2002. Members of the Taiwanese band Le petit nurse undergo five consecutive days of intensive rehearsals in order to learn the songs from the Basque Radical Rock scene’s punk repertoire. This “radical translation exercise”, as described by Carles Guerra in the catalogue of the Gure Artea award, which Garmendia received for this piece in 2003, takes place on a stage built specifically for this purpose and designed by the artist in a spacious exhibition room of the Taipei Fine Arts Museum, a venue of the 3rd Edition of The Taipei Biennial, titled Great Theatre Of The World (curated by Bartomeu Marí and Chia Chi Jason Wang).

Kolpez/Kolpe consolidates a filming style that Garmendia practiced in his previous works, while also inaugurating new interventions in the montage that would soon become his signature. On one hand, the shooting is articulated around a group of texts (songs by the bands Zarama, Kortatu and Eskorbuto) which the Taiwanese band members must internalise in a short period of time. On the other hand, the resulting film is assembled following a logic that brings together fragments of lived time during the filming, which are connected by fades to black and abrupt cuts. A “hatchet” editing that attempts to escape the documentary format which was ubiquitous in the art of the period.

The elusive nature of this work’s recording, nevertheless, facilitates the intersection of multiple temporalities: the recent past, spectrally present through the sound of the songs; the action’s present, which reinterprets said past from a different place and time —a present that becomes absent at times, due to the sound being taken off certain scenes—, and lastly, the time of the shooting echoing in the museum space during the days of the exhibition setup. The video even proposes a wider intertextual connection: the portrait of the spirit of a period mediated by the Basque Radical Rock scene as the remains of the Basque context’s paranormal reality, as Joseba Zulaika would call it. Next to it, a global image, a blue-glitter and Union Jack pastiche typical of the early 00s post-MTV generation.

The text emerges from the margins, at its own pace, following its own slow and incomplete logics of the exchange between copy and original. The image has its own cadence, marked by the unstable assimilation of a homogeneous time, constantly accelerating, as it seems, but which will actually soon be forgotten. This is even more evident now, almost 20 years since the making of Kolpez/Kolpe. In the light of the present —a present in which, as Mark Fisher said, the sense of future shock has disappeared—, this work demonstrates the sound repertoire from the 70s and 80s remains an icon, whereas the defiant insolence of some forms of artistic and exhibition production from the beginning of the 2000s has disappeared.

Harder, Faster, Better, Stronger

2004

Two-channel video, with sound, colour
16’ 30’’
DV PAL (720 x 576)

Two night scenes light up a room in the old Ziriza factory in Pasaia Trintxerpe, one of the spaces hosting Manifesta 5 in Donostia-San Sebastián. They belong to the installation entitled Harder, Faster, Better, Stronger, which premiered in the context of this European biennial.

The installation joined two images together via a soft montage, in search, perhaps, of a less affirmative, more essay-like assembly of images, as noted by Harun Farocki. Mark Leckey’s Fiorucci Made Me Hardcore (1999) was being screened in the same building, on the floor above. A compilation of moving gestures, a collage of images accounting for an atomized social choreography by the collective erosion that the Thatcher era would leave behind. In the soft montage of my memory, traces and images of both works mix in a sort of visual archeology which, in those days, appeared already in decay.

The scenes composing the single-channel version of this piece were recorded in Berlin on the night of May 1st, 2004, in the clamour of the riots that had been taking the streets of the great metropolises from the end of the 90s to the beginning of the 00s. These protests were not only a way to raise awareness of the rejection of globalisation, but also a symptom of the progressive deterritorialization of power and the masses.

In one of the scenes, a mass of bodies sits and waits for the start of a concert of the punk band Terrorgruppe. The camera has been placed at the back before the concert, in centre stage and somewhat elevated. Once the concert begins, the camera is right at the front, also centred. One of the microphones, installed before the appearance of the band, indicates the central position of the takes. The room fills up, the camera remains static, capturing the lights bathing the gathering of bodies. In the other scene, we can see a field at night, with the remains of plastic cups and other rubbish, as well as police officers and a few arrests, small groups of people leaving. As the footage continues, we see the dancing mass, mostly male, as if it were its inherent form, a complete entity, moving in perfect sync, especially when the sound and the image match. When the sound is off, the distance increases and the illusion of this uncracked reality disappears. The raw image makes us more aware of the device structuring the scene. In parallel, the field keeps emptying out as the night draws on and police presence grows.

In the context of this night-time filming, a collection of images came up, which were taken as random portraits prior to the show. The camera infiltrated the crowd in order to access a more fragmented gaze. The resulting close-ups break from the notion of mass to pause at the style details on which this generation constructs its identity. These images were used in the cover of the book Only Kids Love Other Kids and the poster Orain bihotzak inoiz baino gehiago daude sutan for the exhibition Beste Bat! (a retrospective account of the Basque Radical Rock Movement) (2004) curated by Miren Jaio and Fito Rodríguez at Sala Rekalde (Bilbao).

Izarra

2005

Single-channel video, with sound, colour
18’ 53’’
DV PAL (720 x 576)

A group video. On this occasion, the instructions are directed at the camera. The spotlight’s white brightness intensifies the shadows on bodies that remain almost static against the darkness of the violated space. The building, an old school for the elite, is abandoned. The opacity and inaction create a strange sensation of otherworldly sluggishness. Once again, the video features Nadia alongside some other people. Some images return from previous works; others burst in from someone else’s footage. An intersecting grammar of self-referential and external elements indicates the way in which culture modifies the life of groups. A scene taken from Adam Small and Peter Stuart’s documentary Another State of Mind (1984) is synthetically reinterpreted. Repetition and difference. A body reproduces the gestural codes of slam dance, a collective form derived from the hardcore scene, as a kind of ephemeral rewriting on the floor of one of the classrooms. The image suggests the link between subculture and class culture, while also evidencing a structure of meaning of its own.

Izarra premiered alongside Red Light/Straight Edge in the individual presentation of the Gure Artea Prize as part of the exhibition Iñaki Garmendia, Ibon Aranberri, Azucena Vieites, Artium, Vitoria-Gasteiz (2004).

Red Light/Straight Edge

2006

Two-channel video, with sound, colour
6’ 29’’
DV PAL (720 x 576)

Two studio scenes, confronted once again in a two-channel projection. Two professional lead vocalists (Nadia and Josetxo) attempt to memorise two songs: Red Light by Siouxsie and The Banshees and Straight Edge by Minor Threat. The atmosphere is bathed in red light. The camera, too close to the performers, takes their acting to its limit as it breaks apart the conventional visual grammar of music videos. In this case, the shot-reverse shot has been replaced by a soft montage of two sequences filmed separately. An unexpected way of joining fragments á la Bresson, also a strategy á la Godard; that is, allowing the presence of the non different within the different.

Here, too, sound and image are not always in sync, undoing the submission of images to text within the cinematic narrative. The literalness of the red colour on the bodies is intensified, whilst the rhythmic sound of the photographic camera shutter, together with the electric whipping of the flashing light in the original Siouxsie and The Banshees music video, has been replaced by a silence that strips down this operation of visual transcription. The camera becomes a brazen voyeur on Nadia’s body. Josetxo offers us the text devoid of Barthes’s pleasure, resistance and ritual, as forms of confronting the hierarchical existence of culture.

S/T Orbea (Orduña)

2007

Single-channel video, with sound, colour
DV PAL (720 x 576)
40’ 58’’

A 40-minute lab video devoted to recording a manufactured object: an Orduña model racing bicycle, produced by the Basque company Orbea during the 70s and 80s. This work explores the specificity of the object by applying a structural, let’s call it materialistic, type of approach. The process avoids a narrative, focusing instead on using the technical features of the camera, which transforms the filming into a formal operation. For this, the artist uses a macro lens. Through it he reduces the distance to the object examined to a minimum, creating a dialogue between its presence, the time of its filmic exposure and the moving image. The latter moves forward down a chain of sequences in which parts of the bicycle occupy almost the entire frame, which grants it certain monumentality. A long series of close-ups carefully studies every detail before drawing away to reveal the whole in some wider shots. The image fluctuates between the abstract and the figurative.
In S/T Orbea the historical narrative has no place, there is only room for the phenomenological aspects produced in the encounter with the object. The sound contributes to this reverie effect. Lacking space for external narratives, image destroys the possibility of text. The camera recreates the pleasure produced by gazing at the assembly of the elements that make up the nature of this technological object.

No R.S. (99 Red Love Balloons)

2007 - 2008

Four-channel video, with sound, colour
5'58''
DV PAL (720 x 576)

A series of lab videos make up this four channel work produced in a studio setting in which certain objects are the protagonists. These “black videos”, as the artist also calls them, were recorded with a Tyco toy camera purchased in 1997. The use of this camera in this context can be read as a reference to the faktura of films (such as Living Inside, 1989, or If Every Girl Had a Diary, 1990) shot by Sadie Benning with a Fisher Price PXL-2000 camera that her father, James Benning, gave her as a Christmas present when she was 15 years old. Unlike the Fisher Price camera, the Tyco does not use tape, and therefore Iñaki uses a beta video recorder to preserve footage. The editing takes place, once again, during the recording, by using the camera’s on/off button.

The coarse texture of the black and white image in Sadie’s and Iñaki’s videos accounts for an exploration via the medium of film that emerges from the intersection between narrative experimentation, performance, and cinematic syntax. The Tyco records image only, lacking a microphone. During the filming the same jack plug is used for the video and audio inputs, which produces a series of sonic interferences as the camera moves. The sound generated comes from the feedback at its contact with different elements. The camera functions as an electric guitar, albeit a soundless one. On the other hand, the capture of light is also restricted, since its performance is limited in terms of how it responds to darkness or to an excess of light, generating a visual error that translates as the appearance of a black band. Finally, the result is a sort of haphazard composition between sound, image, and the elements.

The first video in the series, 99 Red Love Balloons, was exhibited integrally on a monitor in the exhibition 1, 2, 3… Vanguardias: Cine/arte entre el experimento y el archivo curated by Łukasz Ronduda, Florian Zeyfang and myself at Sala Rekalde in 2007-2008. Almost simultaneously, NO R.S. (99 Red Love Balloons) was presented as a complete series in 2008 at Moisés Pérez de Albéniz Gallery (Pamplona). In the catalogue for the exhibition 1, 2, 3… Vanguardias, Iñaki intervened on the pages with images taken from the recording and also from a perforated photocopy containing Robert Morris’s text “A Method for Sorting Cows” (1967), a scanned image showing also its own faktura, originated in this case in the wear due to the use of this studio document. The reference to Morris’s piece, a set of instructions for an impossible action, offers points of connection with the epic tension of Iñaki’s videos as they attempt to capture a sublime image produced by the balloons bursting. However, as the title suggests, these blasts are not comparable to the explosions shot by Roman Signer.

CCC/MT (All the measures are taken)

2011

Single-channel video, with sound, colour
25’18’’
HD Video (1920 x 1080)

Cairo, 2011. This timely video was recorded in the C.I.C. (Contemporary Image Collective) Library a week before the Youth Revolution —also referred to as the White Revolution—. CCC/MT is structured as a script-performance using parts from the prologues to two plays by Bertolt Brecht: The Caucasian Chalk Circle, an epic written between 1944 and 1945, during the author’s exile in the United States, and The Measures Taken, a didactic piece written between 1929 and 1930.

This piece confronts us, once again, with the dual relationship between two artefacts that were not necessarily previously related. In this case, the artefacts are prologues to two plays written by the same author, but very distant in time. The preface to a play normally offers context, displaying the author’s position and the text’s didactic intentions. At times, it filters other, more mundane references, which have the ultimate effect of provoking life to break in, affecting the reception of the art form. In this work by Iñaki it is not possible to neutralise the interruption of art by life, nor to identify the assertive Bretch from the doubtful one, the young convinced Bretch from the acclaimed one who doubts himself.

A group of six young people, with Arab as their mother tongue, read aloud the prologues to the aforementioned plays in English. The reading flows as a didactic process of internalisation, in which misunderstandings and spelling mistakes occur. Time functions as a material condition of production, undoing this incorporation process. On one hand, the chronology is inverted: CCC is presented before MT —a work published over a decade earlier. On the other, the action also flows backwards, since the texts are increasingly reduced with each reading, constantly becoming simpler until they lose their meaning, thus slowly complicating the internalisation process. The reading is broken down further with each take. Witnessing this disintegration, we clearly sense a circular timeline. The action seems depleted within this circularity. The city, the traffic, the sirens ring repetitively in the background from the beginning of the recording. Towards the end of the video, the dynamic sound of the street deafens this feeling of exhaustion.

Bolueta

2011

Two-channel video, with sound, colour
24’20’’
DV PAL (720 x 576)

Bolueta. A two-channel nighttime video. A field recording made up of footage simultaneously captured by two cameras that record the events unfolding in a specific area; namely, the entrance to a renowned Bilbao night club. A time sequence, from 4:00 to 4:55 AM, marked by the camera counter visible on the lower-right corner in the projection on the left-hand side. As the footage plays out, we realise that the action portrayed does not match the time on video, having been altered by almost imperceptible cuts that ultimately reduce it by half. This structural form warns us about the representational frame to which we are subjected as voyeur-spectators; meaning, that the anthropological quality of the recording device is not offered as a means to posit any kind of truth. On the contrary—all the elements that make up the device indicate that the images actually seek to bind us in the rules of a whimsical game of tag.

Bolueta/. Both cameras are concealed far from where the action takes place, as if they wanted to protect themselves with the maximum possible distance for a better extraction. One of the cameras, a High 8, shows the time and a series of grainy zoom-ins. The texture of the captured portraits is analogic. The other camera, which is digital, can be more precise in accessing the target; however, its sharpness seems more artificial, due perhaps to its colour saturation. We are introduced to two recent recording methods from different time contexts and which are now exhibited in comparison, as if they were the remains of a nascent visual archaeology. Led by a homoerotic gaze, a game takes place between the images, recruiting involuntary actors as it unfolds, take after take.

Bolueta/Front 242. The night club’s electronic music bathes the images in the background as the night draws on. The music sounds more like prerecorded noise, an effect caused by the distance at which the cameras are placed.The sound distancing makes the music work as a sort of quotation over the images, revealing once again the collective construction of subculture as a possible act of ambiguous resistance. Nevertheless, we are hardly able to build a new mythological style out of the digital faktura of the images of the present; their nature navigates instead within an order of rejection/assimilation.

Bozo

1997 – 2013

Single-channel video, with sound, colour
16’ 30’’
HD Video (1920 x 1080)

Recently, in relation to some moving images, I was thinking about the English term live images [imágenes en vivo], which could be translated into Spanish as “living images”. Do images have a life of their own? And if so, what is it that gives them life, the recording, the editing, the viewing? Do images have will?

Bozo was recorded in 1997, but it was not exhibited until 2013, when it appeared for the first time as part of a solo exhibition in theMoisés Pérez de Albéniz Gallery, in Madrid. The delay between shooting and editing spans a little over fifteen years. The shooting was done in 1997, in the context of the Arteleku Workshop taught by Txomin Badiola and Ángel Bados. The recording took place in the studio space that the artist occupied during this period. The filming developed as a whimsical, childish game on a precariously constructed stage, a sort of dark room —or zulo— which could be accessed via an unstable ladder.

Bozo is a “black video” —this is the name Iñaki has given to the videos filmed with the same Tyco camera he used for No R.S. 99 Red Love Balloons—, but in this case bodies, not objects, are featured. A set of genitals has been transferred to a cast, which has then been reproduced in latex. The result appears strapped to a harness. We see a male body against the wall. It shows itself to be potentially penetrable, dismantling the position of representation of the cis man, according to Paul B. Preciado, as that of the natural and universal penetrator. The artist gives instructions to carry out the action, wearing a latex mask. The warm, mutual understanding between those present clashes with the crudeness of the images, making evident that the action is focused on constructing the scene.

In 2013, these brief sequences were put together on rectangular bands composing a triptych in the now standard 16:9 format. The editing is not linear, but arithmetic, and in it the strips are taken as the space for the horizontal representation of each of the bodies in scene (one of which is located behind the camera). The black and white clips move forward through the sections of the triptych while occasional accidents occur—a fade to blue, for instance, which takes us out of the foggy materiality of the Tyco image and brings out the traces of previous recordings on the VHS to which the original images were transferred. The final edit is the result of passing from one image format to another, of the visual encounter between two temporalities—1997 and 2013. Is the Rectum Straight?, Eve Kosofsky Sedwick wondered in 1993. Is the timeline between two dates straight, too? In Bozo, the time of the images is one which we are unable to access.

Bomber

2013

Single-channel video, with sound, colour
32’15’’
DV PAL (720 x 576)

6 years after S/T Orbea (2007), Iñaki used the same technique to structure this 30-minute video. In Bomber, the camera runs its lens in long takes over the soft volume of a military bomber jacket. Once again, the macro lens touches the smooth surface of the object—in this case, a textile piece. The use of the close-up, in constant motion, produces a tactile vision as defined by Alois Riegl, materialising a haptic perception. A few minutes in, we recognise the jacket as belonging to Itziar, once we hear her answering to a series of instructions given to her by Iñaki. Itziar is wearing the jacket while it is being filmed. We discover it once the camera draws away for a bare, straightforward display of the garment on her body. The resulting image is more undefined than S/T Orbea, but equally iconic.

In the background, a young girl is speaking with someone in English. Her aural presence blends into a repetitive electronic melody, all of which leads us to understand the footage as a lived time. As we run our eyes over the jacket’s surface, the printed text on the clothing is gradually revealed; first, as a fragmented image; later, as writing printed on the textile surface. The bomber suggests different signifiers that may or may not be activated. In this piece, however, it is presented as a raw material capable of binding collective existences together.

Riten

2013

Two-channel video, with sound, colour
45’59’’
DV PAL (720 x 576)

A video of a couple. Two scenes reappear, assembled in a two-channel projection. A piece in which text is introduced, once again, as the symptom of a problem.

“What is a fake image?”, wonders Patricia, the young activist from Le Gai Savoir, in the empty television set where Godard’s film is being shot, as the May 68 protesters take to the streets. “That place where image and sound (seem) real,” she answers to herself. In Speaking about Godard, Kaya Silverman parts from this scene to speculate about the Barthesian degree zero of images and sounds. In the scene, the actors speak but do not listen to one another, which stifles the images in a fugue-like movement.

Riten’s proposal is to delve into the relationship between image and sound. To that end, it departs from the narrative standards of classical editing, seeking to distance itself from the forms of representation behind the assembly of sequences. Let’s apply it to Riten: 1 + 2. Miriam + Unai. Two actors read out a transcription of the dialogues in Bergman’s The Rite, filmed in 1969. The camera frames Miriam’s face, then Unai’s, and so on, which prevents us from seeing them looking at each other. We can only sense the scene in its entirety by the sound we hear off-screen, which we assume to be diegetic. There is no clear order and, at times, the dialogue seems fluid. At other times, it becomes abstract and numerical.

The images in the film are muted by the pressure of diction, the extras compensate for this absence by their efforts to defer the encounter between image and text.

The text being read aloud by Miriam and Unai is an SRT file with the film’s Spanish subtitles and time codes. The images of the film are silenced by the pressure of diction, the actors compensate for that absence by their effort to defer the encounter between image and text. The time of exposure in front of the camera expands like an endless wait. In this formless time, the actors themselves become images, the reflection of an action that attempts neither to be true nor false.

Police/Car

2013

Two-channel video, with sound, colour
23’ 47’’
DV PAL (720 x 576)

This work was first presented in 2013 as an installation at the Moisés Pérez de Albéniz Gallery in Madrid. A sculptural setting organises the space by assembling the sequences in a nonlinear way. One of these sequences displays the front view of a car’s position lights flashing in the dark. None of its distinctive features are perceived until the end of the recording, where its colour and number plate are revealed. The video, which plays in a loop, begins with a short clip in black and white that reads:

POLICE
CAR

The fragment is taken from John Cale’s minimalist film Police Car, included in the 1966 Fluxfilm Anthology. The sequences following this clip replicate Cale’s filming of a car’s indicator lights in the dark. Iñaki’s transcription should be understood as the reproduction of a choreography, in which the video camera goes over the different takes, replicating the positions of the 8 mm camera that were used in the film. The resulting image has nothing to do with Cale’s, –its visual effect is quite different—. The original was recorded on celluloid, in black and white, without a soundtrack, while the replica was recorded on video, in colour, and with background noise. The installation is completed by a second, longer sequence, in which the same white car (followed by a red one) is subjected to a thorough filmic examination similar to the one deployed in ST/Orbea and Bomber.

White Light/Red Light. Flashes that could perhaps be read as spectres of the intrahistory of subculture.

Mayor fatal (Un esqueleto y misiles aka-47 en el Banco de España de Bilbao)

2014

Single-channel video, silent, black & white
4’ 38’’
DV PAL (720 x 576)

Garmendia’s first animated video. A collection of drawings takes cinematic shape during the editing process. The time that passes between each image is longer than what is stipulated by the conventional language of cinematic animation. His use of negatives, inverting the black on white of the original drawings, creates a disorienting, reverie-like effect. Together, it reveals the ecology of the assembly behind this piece.

Form becomes blurry: a surrealist still life, a site-specific exercise too, stemming from an invitation to exhibit at Okela artspace (Bilbao) and, as a response to the idea of history, a small homage to science fiction as a strategy to alter the logic in which the past is read. Several plotlines intertwine without a lineal chronological order. When the sequences meet they leave behind traces of latent individual and collective lived experiences, related to the moment in which the artist came to Bilbao to study Fine Arts. The film summons some images from the past, making them return, ghost-like. The most recognisable among them bring us back to the eviction of the Gaztetxe on Banco de España street, in Bilbao’s old town, in November 1992. New residues are created, such as a piece by Robert Smithson turned into a spaceship. The futuristic atmosphere invites the elements to indistinctly inhabit this intergalactic set: a skeleton, an AK-47 missile, the police chief, the emeritus king, a great octopus. Together they navigate through the footage.

The black surface contributes no more details on the context of these references, which might lead us to think about the problem of the survival of an image. The kinetic illusion that makes them appear and disappear equally disorients any attempt at representing the present, the past, and the future.

Credits

FOKU .1 Iñaki Garmendia
26.06.2021 – 30.10.2021

Ratatatat
Atoi. Iparragirre 66 L3D, 48012 Bilbao.

Videos: Iñaki Garmendia
Basque translations: Aiora Jaka
English translations: Arrate Hidalgo
Critical texts: Leire Vergara
Bibliography: Mikel Onandia

Thanks to: Archivo del Museo de Bellas Artes de Bilbao, Mikel Eskauriaza, Peio Aguirre, Miren Jaio, Oier Hurtado, Asier Mendizabal, Enrique Hurtado, Marc Chandler, Carlos García, Jorge Latas.

No. 2

Idoia Zabaleta

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No. 1

Iñaki Garmendia

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No. 2

Idoia Zabaleta

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